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AIRBUS 214.15 +0.35%
GOOGLE 283.72 +0.80%
APPLE 269.05 −0.87%
Mittal 33.02 −0.42%
ASML 926.50 +0.91%
BAM 7.89 −2.11%
BESI 145.80 −1.22%
BERKHATH 475.68 −0.59%
BYD 99.20 −4.80%
CATL 386.12 −0.68%
CONTI 66.70 +1.83%
ESSILOR 317.00 −0.09%
FAGRON 20.35 −1.21%
FERRARI 391.04 −1.25%
FORD 13.01 −0.38%
GM 68.22 −0.66%
ING 21.91 +0.87%
KIA 117,500.00 +1.12%
LGES 474,500.00 −2.47%
MAGNA 69.26 +10.83%
MAZDA 1,072.00 −2.32%
MERCEDES 57.31 +1.56%
NIO 7.25 +1.54%
NISSAN 353.50 −4.12%
NVIDIA 206.88 +1.97%
PORSCHE 45.80 −1.59%
QUALCOMM 180.72 +1.95%
QS 16.21 +2.66%
SHELL 32.47 +0.02%
SAMSUNG 110,900.00 +6.53%
SOFTBANK 27,065.00 +2.91%
SLDP 6.42 +20.45%
TMSC 1,510.00 +0.67%
TESLA 468.37 +6.42%
TOYOTA 3,138.00 −1.48%
UNILEVER 52.66 +0.30%
VW 92.30 +2.28%
XIAOMI 44.96 +1.81%
XPENG 23.49 +1.34%
Investment Analysis: Americas Stock Market Overview – Week 41, 2025

美洲股市的背景由强劲的人工智能和云资本支出上升周期、美国消费的韧性以及虽有所缓和但仍具限制性的利率所定义。大型科技公司继续依靠经常性的软件、云服务和广告现金流实现复合增长,而半导体领军企业则从前所未有的人工智能基础设施需求中获利。金融行业受益于稳健的信贷和手续费收入,尽管银行的利率敏感性和监管压力仍然存在。能源和材料行业保持稳定但具有周期性,现金回报在商品价格波动和政策风险之间取得平衡。在拉丁美洲,平台领军企业在电子商务、金融科技和便利零售领域实现复合增长,但需考虑外汇和杠杆因素。在各个行业中,资产负债表的稳健性、定价能力和运营纪律是未来回报的最显著差异化因素。



行业回顾

科技平台和软件展现出最强的基本面。微软和Alphabet结合了高利润率和现金生成能力,并在AI货币化方面有明显的路径,而苹果的故事则围绕服务组合的扩展和设备上的AI升级周期。Meta的盈利能力和AI投资步伐引人注目,但监管和安全审查提高了执行的难度。

半导体仍然是周期的核心。NVIDIA的全栈AI领导地位支持了卓越的增长和利润率,但受到供应商集中和出口限制的影响。英特尔则是相反的局面:大量投资、负盈利能力和政策相关的执行风险,处于多年的转型期。

互联网、电子商务和数字广告受益于多元化的收入引擎。亚马逊凭借AWS和广告规模以及零售效率的提升受益,而Alphabet在广告持久性与不断增长的云业务积压之间取得平衡。MercadoLibre在拉美的商业、支付和信贷方面领先,尽管增长迅速,但资产负债表的灵活性较低。

金融板块展现出强大的大盘股韧性。摩根大通和美国银行展示了盈利能力、费用多样化和适度的分红,尽管未来的回报取决于存款利率、信贷正常化和监管。在加拿大,皇家银行在一个集中的市场中维持着高额回报。在拉美,Itaú和Credicorp的高ROE,宏观和政策是关键的变数。

支付网络保持结构性优势。Visa的双边网络、跨境恢复和增值服务支持高利润率和现金生成,尽管实时支付和监管压力可能会随着时间推移影响费率。

消费品在现金转换和杠杆方面存在分歧。宝洁的利润率纪律和现金流提供了稳定的复合增长,而可口可乐的现金转换差距引发关注。百事可乐接近100%的派息率和高杠杆限制了灵活性,直到利润率修复取得进展。

能源和材料提供收入但伴随周期风险。埃克森美孚的综合模式支持可靠的股息,尽管盈利有所缓和。Suncor的现金流和回购/股息能力看起来健康。Vale和Petrobras提供高收益,但面临商品、杠杆和政策阻力,可能会对自由现金流造成压力。

零售和消费分销仍然是防御性的复合增长者。沃尔玛和沃尔玛墨西哥在全渠道和效率上执行良好,具有低贝塔特性。FEMSA的OXXO引擎具有战略性,但低利润率和巴西整合提高了执行风险。

工业和航空航天显示出改善的周期潜力。Embraer的订单势头和经营杠杆令人鼓舞,尽管股票已重新评级,现在需要持续的执行和供应链稳定性。

拉美的电信在现金生成与资产负债表和外汇风险之间进行权衡。América Móvil的运营和股息看起来稳固,但高杠杆和紧张的流动性限制了上行空间。


前五大投资选择

微软公司(MSFT)。Azure、Microsoft 365和AI Copilot的规模和盈利能力支撑着市场上最具韧性的现金流之一。运营利润率接近45%,净收入超过1000亿美元,运营现金流为1360亿美元,微软有充足的能力投资于AI,同时应对如Teams拆分等监管摩擦。企业对AI驱动的生产力、数据平台和安全性的需求应能维持健康的增长和优质的倍数,纪律严明的资本回报作为后盾。

NVIDIA公司(NVDA)。无与伦比的AI计算领导地位、卓越的利润率和坚固的资产负债表支持着持久的复合增长,尽管增长从超高水平放缓。连续的产品周期、软件和网络层以及生态系统锁定延长了发展轨道。供应商集中和中国限制增加了波动性,但凭借568亿美元的现金和极少的债务,NVIDIA有能力超越同行,将盈利能力转化为股东价值。

亚马逊公司(AMZN)。AWS和广告仍然是高利润率的增长引擎,而零售继续改善服务成本和盈利能力。凭借1210亿美元的运营现金流和两位数的营收增长,亚马逊可以有纪律地为AI基础设施和新向量如Kuiper提供资金。如果AI工作负载转化为粘性服务且零售效率保持正轨,运营杠杆可以支持从强化基础的多年盈利复合增长。

Alphabet公司(GOOGL)。强大的消费者覆盖和通过Google Cloud增强的企业业务提供了多种货币化路径。超过30%的利润率、950亿美元的现金和不断增加的积压支持AI投资,同时为回购和股息提供资金。司法部的补救措施在我们的基本假设中是可控的逆风。AI驱动的广告表现和云利润率扩展的执行应能维持顶级现金生成和稳定的倍数支持。

Visa公司(V)。结构上有优势的高利润率网络,通过名义消费、跨境旅行恢复和扩展的增值服务进行复合。超过50%的利润率和强劲的自由现金流支持持续的资本回报和新流动的再投资。尽管交换费审查和实时支付构成长期威胁,Visa的规模、合作伙伴关系和服务工具包应能保持经济效益并提供稳定的盈利增长。

值得一提的是:MercadoLibre(MELI)因在拉美商业和金融科技领域的高增长和盈利能力改善而受到关注,Meta Platforms(META)因卓越的现金生成和AI产品选择性而受到关注,但受到监管风险的制约,伯克希尔哈撒韦(BRK-B)作为低贝塔复合增长者,具有保险顺风和资本部署选择性,摩根大通(JPM)因一流的规模和多元化的盈利能力而受到关注,沃尔玛公司(WMT)因一致的全渠道执行和防御性复合增长而受到关注。


五大投资风险

英特尔公司(INTC)。在资本密集型转型中,净收入和杠杆自由现金流为负,使得结果高度依赖于政策支持和Xeon 6及代工里程碑的完美执行。杠杆可控但在上升,竞争差距依然很大。在共识接近当前价格的情况下,进一步失望的风险超过了可见的上行,直到出现可持续盈利和自由现金流的可信路径。

巴西国家石油公司(Petrobras,PBR)。两位数的预期收益率掩盖了流动性紧张、高派息率和显著的政策干预风险。尽管盐下资产是世界级的且现金生成强劲,但股息的可持续性容易受到资本支出需求、定价政策和宏观冲击的影响。由于股票滞后且资本分配的可见性不确定,风险调整后的回报潜力受到限制。

Vale公司(VALE)。高收益和稳固的利润率被负杠杆自由现金流、大量债务以及对铁矿石需求和中国的依赖所抵消。镍策略提供了多样化,但执行、资本支出节奏和商品波动可能会对估值和分配施加压力。如果没有更清晰的资产负债表进展和持续的自由现金流,上行空间相对于风险显得有限。

特斯拉公司(TSLA)。股票的急剧反弹超出了基本面,收入和盈利同比下降,运营利润率压缩。欧洲的竞争压力、印度市场的表现不佳以及对软件/自动驾驶货币化的依赖引入了显著的执行风险。高贝塔放大了情绪波动,估值假设了在组合和软件附加方面的快速改善,这在规模上仍未得到验证。

百事公司(PEP)。防御性特质因接近100%的派息率、高杠杆和增长缓慢而受到削弱,限制了资本分配的灵活性。需要利润率修复和生产力提升来维持股息轨迹并重新评估倍数。在现金流改善和杠杆趋势下降之前,相对于盈利动能更清晰的消费品同行,总回报潜力显得黯淡。

观察名单风险:苹果公司(AAPL)因成熟的高端智能手机市场和服务费率的监管压力,América Móvil(AMX)尽管运营稳固,但因高杠杆、流动性紧张和外汇风险,Fomento Económico Mexicano(FMX)因利润率薄弱和巴西整合风险,Itaú Unibanco(ITUB)因收入增长疲软和高派息率限制灵活性,埃克森美孚公司(XOM)作为一个优质收入名称仍然受到周期性裂缝和实现的影响。


关键投资主题

AI货币化和云规模仍然是主要的利润池,偏好那些具有分销、数据和资产负债表能力的公司,以便在周期中进行投资。半导体和企业软件的全栈优势越来越将赢家与参与者区分开来,使产品节奏和生态系统控制成为股权叙事的核心。

投资者正在优先考虑经常性、高利润率的收入流。消费者平台的服务、大规模广告、支付增值服务和软件订阅正在缓冲周期性并维持优质倍数。资本分配纪律是第二个驱动因素:拥有强劲自由现金流和适度派息的公司最有能力在不增加资产负债表压力的情况下进行投资和资本回报。

政策和监管是重要的交叉因素。反垄断补救措施、出口管制、路由和交换费审查以及关税框架正在塑造货币化和成本结构。具有多元化地域、稳健供应链和治理信誉的公司更有能力吸收政策冲击。

最后,现金转换和杠杆是消费品、能源和材料领域的关键差异化因素。在股息承诺超过盈利动能或现金流的地方,重新评级风险较高。相反,将严格成本控制与世俗或周期性顺风相结合的企业——如支付中的旅行恢复或基础设施中的AI需求——保留了最清晰的多年复合增长路径。



本文不是投资建议。投资股票具有风险,您应在做出任何财务决策之前进行自己的研究。 请注意,此区域的评论仅基于本杂志中关注的公司(请参阅金融部分的股票)。