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AIRBUS 214.15 +0.35%
GOOGLE 283.72 +0.80%
APPLE 269.05 −0.87%
Mittal 33.02 −0.42%
ASML 926.50 +0.91%
BAM 7.89 −2.11%
BESI 145.80 −1.22%
BERKHATH 475.68 −0.59%
BYD 99.20 −4.80%
CATL 386.12 −0.68%
CONTI 66.70 +1.83%
ESSILOR 317.00 −0.09%
FAGRON 20.35 −1.21%
FERRARI 391.04 −1.25%
FORD 13.01 −0.38%
GM 68.22 −0.66%
ING 21.91 +0.87%
KIA 117,500.00 +1.12%
LGES 474,500.00 −2.47%
MAGNA 69.26 +10.83%
MAZDA 1,072.00 −2.32%
MERCEDES 57.31 +1.56%
NIO 7.25 +1.54%
NISSAN 353.50 −4.12%
NVIDIA 206.88 +1.97%
PORSCHE 45.80 −1.59%
QUALCOMM 180.72 +1.95%
QS 16.21 +2.66%
SHELL 32.47 +0.02%
SAMSUNG 110,900.00 +6.53%
SOFTBANK 27,065.00 +2.91%
SLDP 6.42 +20.45%
TMSC 1,510.00 +0.67%
TESLA 468.37 +6.42%
TOYOTA 3,138.00 −1.48%
UNILEVER 52.66 +0.30%
VW 92.30 +2.28%
XIAOMI 44.96 +1.81%
XPENG 23.49 +1.34%
Investment Analysis: Europe Stock Market Overview – Week 39, 2025

进入2025年末,欧洲股市在利率可能已过峰值的情况下,企业盈利逐渐正常化,各行业的表现差异加大。由于能源、金融和防御性行业的股息收益率抵消了收入增长放缓,收入仍然是总回报的重要组成部分。基础材料和部分消费品领域的周期性敏感性依旧存在,而半导体、自动化和高质量医疗保健的多年长期故事则保持着吸引人的风险回报。资产负债表质量和现金转换能力越来越成为决定性差异因素,高杠杆的电信和日用品行业面临更紧的灵活性。在此背景下,我们偏好拥有结构性顺风和可靠资本回报框架的现金充裕的复合增长公司,同时在高贝塔周期性行业中保持选择性,因为利差、投入成本和政策风险可能迅速改变股市叙事。



行业回顾

能源领域仍以收益为主导。像壳牌、道达尔能源和英国石油这样的综合性大公司虽然产生强劲的运营现金流,但收入同比下降,60%的派息率在商品和炼油/LNG价差缩小时留下的缓冲较少。低贝塔值和高收益率支持防御性,但一些公司的盈利能力较薄(尤其是英国石油)和监管摩擦(道达尔能源)要求进行区分和有纪律的资本支出。

材料和工业金属具有周期性,受价差驱动。阿塞洛米塔尔的盈利反弹更多依赖于产品组合和成本措施,而非需求加速,极薄的运营利润率和负杠杆自由现金流突显出其对原材料、能源和出口压力的脆弱性。我们更倾向于战术性利用波动,而非战略性超配,直到利润率可持续扩大。

半导体和设备领域呈现分化。ASML的EUV垄断地位和高NA路线图支撑了其卓越的股本回报率和利润率,尽管订单时间存在不确定性。英飞凌通过收购汽车以太网扩展了汽车内容故事,但需要利润率正常化以重新评级。BESI提供高结构性利润率和强劲流动性,但超过100%的派息和近期收入/盈利下降证实了周期风险。

软件和数字企业保持稳定增长。SAP结合中等个位数的收入增长、超常的每股收益增长和强劲的自由现金流,低于市场的贝塔值使其在云和AI驱动的增销中处于良好位置。交付与指导之间的差异是支持倍数的关键。

电信业是有杠杆限制的收入工具。KPN和德国电信都显示出健康的现金引擎,但较高的债务指标和KPN的高派息率降低了灵活性。去杠杆化和价格纪律是持续总回报的前提条件。

消费品和饮料在平衡韧性与增长阻力。雀巢和联合利华保持现金生成和股息,但面临较高的杠杆和疲软的动能;百威英博的强劲自由现金流和中20%的运营利润率支持逐步去杠杆化,使其在消费品中处于更好的位置。利洁时的高派息和季度负面趋势增加了覆盖风险。

奢侈品和非必需消费品在重置后显示正常化。尽管业绩较弱,LVMH的利润率和现金仍然强劲;欧莱雅的高估值需要重新加速,而依视路陆逊梯卡的品牌和镜片生态系统加上智能眼镜的创新在执行保持紧密的情况下支持稳定增长。

金融业是收入和回购的亮点。意大利联合信贷银行、荷兰国际集团和安联显示出强劲的盈利能力和资本回报;净利息收入的正常化是银行的关注点,而保险公司的股息可见性受益于承保纪律和利率顺风。资产负债表的强度和派息纪律将领导者与落后者区分开来。

医疗和制药结合防御性和选择性增长。诺和诺德的GLP-1领导地位推动了卓越的利润率和运营现金流,尽管股票大幅回调,创造了潜在的错位。罗氏提供价值、现金和3.5%的收益率,盈利节奏改善;Fagron以低贝塔值和有纪律的资本分配稳步增长;葛兰素史克提供收益和适度增长。

工业和资本货物受益于自动化、电气化和航空航天需求。西门子通过软件驱动的效率和稳定的利润率复合增长;空客的需求背景有利,但营运资金和自由现金流转换仍是标杆。像BAM这样的建筑公司需要仔细承保,因为利润率较薄且预期已经很高。


前五大投资选择

ASML控股(ASML.AS)提供无与伦比的领先光刻机曝光,具有卓越的经济效益。TTM收入为321.6亿,运营利润率为34.64%,净利润率为29.27%,股本回报率为58.24%,为2026年订单波动提供了充足的缓冲。尽管股票已重新评级且表现不佳,但AI/HPC需求和高NA采用是多年的顺风因素,而净现金资产负债表和不断上升的股息支持下行。高NA的执行和更清晰的2026年订单模式是重新评级的催化路径。

诺和诺德B A/S(NOVO-B.CO)将一流的GLP-1经济学与稀有的规模和盈利能力结合在一起。尽管52周内下跌60.54%,运营仍然出色:3119.4亿收入,43.52%的运营利润率,35.61%的净利润率和1215.3亿的运营现金流。3.33%的预期收益率与45.69%的派息,产能扩张和糖尿病/肥胖症的持久需求在制造里程碑和报销稳定性保持的情况下创造了有吸引力的不对称性。

安联SE(ALV.DE)提供高质量的收入和稳健的复合增长。收入为1090.2亿,运营利润率为11.05%,股本回报率为18.18%,运营现金流为367.7亿,具有坚固的流动性(1321.7亿现金对368.8亿债务),4.38%的预期收益率在59.05%的派息下看起来被很好地覆盖。盈利增长、纪律严明的承保和投资收入提供了可见性,而估值为从52周高点以下的位置提供了稳步升值的空间。

SAP SE(SAP.DE)是一个耐用的平台转型故事,具有强大的现金生成能力。TTM收入为358.9亿,运营利润率为28.46%,净利润率为18.23%,杠杆自由现金流为73.7亿,支持中等个位数的收入增长和91.10%的季度盈利增长。净现金和适度的1.03%收益率提供了灵活性以支持AI功能和云迁移。通过一致的执行重新获得技术水平可以释放多重支持和每股收益复合增长。

意大利联合信贷银行(UCG.MI)结合了强劲的盈利能力与股东收益和战略选择。收入为248.2亿,利润率为42.71%,股本回报率为16.34%,季度增长为两位数,3.70%的预期收益率在36.36%的派息下得到了很好的支撑。持续的资本回报、纪律严明的成本和在德国和东南欧的精心扩张支持进一步的每股价值创造,即使净利息收入正常化。

荣誉提名:西门子股份公司(SIE.DE)因自动化和电气化复合增长,具有中等利润率和有纪律的股息;空中客车SE(AIR.PA)因世俗需求强劲和随着交付规模的现金转换改善;罗氏控股公司(ROG.SW)因价值、现金和覆盖的3.54%收益率,盈利节奏改善;百威英博(ABI.BR)因强劲的自由现金流、去杠杆化和中20%的运营利润率;依视路陆逊梯卡(EL.PA)因稳定增长和镜片及智能眼镜的创新选择性。


后五大投资风险

Koç控股(KCHOL.IS)展示了规模但没有现金转换,报告净利润率为-0.25%,运营和自由现金流为负,债务总额为1.05万亿,流动比率为0.89。4.18%的预期股息由于覆盖率弱和杠杆率高(D/E 109.82%)而显得脆弱。如果没有明显的去杠杆化和持续的正运营现金流,股权回报可能会被限制,且有下行倾向。

阿塞洛米塔尔(MT.AS)仍然高度周期性,盈利能力薄弱。尽管收入为606.3亿,运营利润率仅为0.47%,杠杆自由现金流为负。1.67的高贝塔值放大了汽车和建筑的价差和需求波动。虽然盈利因产品组合和成本反弹,但如果能源或出口对欧洲施加压力,价差可能迅速压缩,限制重新评级潜力。

英国石油公司(BP.L)提供收益但会计盈利能力脆弱。收入为1848.1亿,利润率仅为0.31%,运营利润率为9.13%,债务为749.8亿,5.74%的预期收益率的覆盖取决于维持232.9亿的运营现金流。随着季度收入下降和高派息与低每股收益相比,在商品市场疲软的情况下,分配的下行风险增加。

利洁时集团(RKT.L)面临执行和覆盖风险。虽然运营利润率健康为21.46%,但季度收入和盈利分别下降2.60%和16.10%,派息率为110.14%,杠杆率高(D/E 148.11%)。交易接近52周高点,预期要求快速盈利恢复;任何失误都可能导致估值重置和股息压力。

荷兰皇家BAM集团(BAMNB.AS)在121.81%的12个月上涨后利润率薄弱且预期较高。收入为66.9亿,但运营利润率仅为2.87%,净利润率为1.93%,流动比率低于1.0,执行和现金转换必须完美无缺。60.98%的派息和7.30的EV/EBITDA在项目结果或定价滑坡时留下的缓冲有限。

观察名单风险:KPN(KPN.AS)因高派息率(89.47%)和高杠杆限制灵活性;BE半导体工业(BESI.AS)因周期性收入/盈利下降和>100%的派息依赖于订单恢复;德国电信(DTE.DE)因尽管现金流强劲但杠杆率高(D/E 156.36%);荷兰国际集团(AGN.AS)因负运营现金流表现和高收益下的回购依赖;道达尔能源SE(TTE.PA)因监管和项目执行风险以及商品敏感性,尽管有6.40%的覆盖收益率。


关键投资主题

现金为王。在各个行业,市场奖励可见的自由现金流、谨慎的派息率和资产负债表的强度。像安联这样的保险公司和像意大利联合信贷银行这样的银行利用资本回报和纪律严明的风险进行复合;高杠杆和流动性紧张的消费品必须证明现金的持久性以捍卫收益。

长期增长抵消周期性噪音。由ASML引领的AI和自动化的高护城河推动者,以及SAP和西门子支持的公司,提供了独立于近期宏观波动的多年盈利能力。在医疗领域,诺和诺德的GLP-1系列产品展示了类别扩展与定价和利润率的持久性,而罗氏的价值增加了防御性平衡。

收入中的选择性。能源和电信提供收益,但派息覆盖和杠杆差异显著。具有强劲运营现金流和平衡派息政策的综合石油公司优于利润率薄弱的同行;电信需要去杠杆化以释放总回报潜力。在消费领域,百威英博以自由现金流为导向的去杠杆化在高派息、增长缓慢的消费品中脱颖而出。

随着增长正常化,执行更为重要。从空客的现金转换到依视路陆逊梯卡的创新管道和英飞凌的汽车以太网整合,按里程碑交付是重新评级的催化剂。相反,利润率薄弱和预期较高的周期性公司如果价差或项目执行出现波动,将面临不对称的负面结果。



本文不是投资建议。投资股票有风险,您应在做出任何财务决策之前进行自己的研究。 请注意,本地区的审查仅基于本杂志中关注的公司(请参阅金融部分的股票)。