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From Watergate to White Noise

美国对一些在过去会动摇其民主根基的故事,变得异常习以为常。报道称,特朗普家族通过与监管决策相关的加密货币项目赚取了超过十亿美元 [1]。《时代》杂志报道了关税冲击和与Truth Social帖子呼吁投资者“买入”同时发生的突然逆转 [2]。贾里德·库什纳从沙特阿拉伯获得的20亿美元基金 [3]。捐赠者获得赦免或政策优惠 [4]。免费飞机、私人特权,以及悄然退让的监管机构。

每一个揭露本身都很严重。合在一起,更是令人震惊。比这些故事本身更令人不安的是,它们几乎没有引起反响。它们出现在金融时报纽约时报华盛顿邮报路透社的头版。它们在有线电视新闻或社交媒体上引发几小时的愤怒。然后就消失了。没有特别检察官,没有两党调查,没有辞职。系统吸收了这些信息,然后继续前行。

这才是更深层次的丑闻。指控当然重要,但对调查它们的兴趣缺失更加重要。在一个运作良好的民主国家,关于数十亿美元利益冲突或政策驱动的牟利的可信报道会自动引发听证会。监管机构会面临行动的压力。法院会重申其独立性。然而,在当今的美国,曾经定义问责制的机构似乎陷入瘫痪。

国会更像是戏剧表演而非监督。听证会被精心安排,以便产生党派的声音,而不是寻找事实。监管机构犹豫不决或退缩。司法部解散了其加密货币执法团队[5]。《反海外腐败法》的执行被暂停[6]。曾经代表美国在反腐败方面全球领导地位的监督机构现在显得无能为力。媒体仍在尽职尽责地报道一个又一个故事,但即使是白宫新闻发布室也显得更加安静,记者们有机会追问答案的机会减少了。司法机构由于政治任命而被重塑,被认为是党派化的,这削弱了其裁决的可信度,无论是否公正。

危险在于正常化。一个受到惩罚的丑闻是重申民主价值观的丑闻。一个被容忍、被解释或被忽视的丑闻根本不再是丑闻。它成为背景噪音的一部分。当这种情况反复发生,就像近年来那样,腐败不再是异常现象。它成为预期。

后果远远超出华盛顿。全世界都在密切关注。曾经将美国视为透明榜样的盟友现在看到关税和制裁被当作谈判筹码。他们看到美国总统发布的评论影响股市,并怀疑市场是否仍然公平。他们读到关于家庭成员将外交关系货币化为数十亿美元基金的报道,得出结论认为,重要的不是规则,而是关系。对手们幸灾乐祸地说,美国已经失去了对他国进行腐败或法治教育的道德权威。他们说得有道理。

这并非没有先例。历史表明,腐败丑闻可以动摇民主国家的根基。水门事件揭示了一位总统为了保护权力愿意走多远,也证明了机构能够应对挑战。系统没有崩溃。国会进行了调查。法院执行了传票。一位总统辞职。水门事件的教训不仅在于腐败的存在,还在于美国仍然有能力自我监督。这种能力使其与许多其他国家区别开来。

当前的模式讲述了一个不同的故事。丑闻的规模更大——数十亿而非数百万,全球政策而非窃听——但系统的反应能力却减弱了。没有调查,只有反对的声音。没有两党的愤怒,只有党派的瘫痪。没有问责,只有沉默。

这种沉默是有代价的。它侵蚀了美国内部的信任,公民们得出结论认为,规则对有权势的人是不同的。它侵蚀了国际上的信誉,盟友和投资者开始将美国视为另一个交易型国家。它侵蚀了民主本身的基础,民主依赖的不是完美的领导人,而是当领导人滥用职权时能够反应的机构。

很容易将每一个揭露视为嘈杂媒体环境中的另一个头条。但这正是正常化的运作方式。一个丑闻令人震惊。十个丑闻让人疲惫。上百个丑闻成为政治生活的背景墙。公民翻过这一页,不是因为他们不再关心腐败,而是因为他们不再相信会有任何行动。

现在的问题不是每个故事在每个细节上是否都是真实的。有些可能被夸大。其他可能在审查下崩溃。但许多是可信的,由世界上最谨慎和受尊敬的媒体记录。更深层次的问题是,为什么当这些故事如此大量堆积时,不再自动触发问责机制。为什么国会不坚持举行听证会。为什么监管机构不执行。为什么法院不重申其独立性。为什么调查的本能消失了。

一个民主国家不能仅靠选举生存。它需要制衡的免疫系统,需要捍卫自身完整性的反应能力。如果这种反应能力消失了,那么美国不仅面临腐败的风险。它面临更糟糕的风险:有罪不罚的正常化。一旦有罪不罚成为常态,民主与盗贼统治之间的差距就不像美国人希望的那样大。

世界对美国的看法正在迅速改变。腐败指数最终会记录下滑,但指数只是一个症状。真正的故事正在显而易见地展开:一个媒体不断揭露丑闻的国家,但机构却不再对其做出反应。一个曾经为问责制设定标准的国家,现在看起来无力或不愿追究权力责任。此刻的教训是严峻的。问题不仅在于正在发生什么。问题在于之后什么都没有发生。

来源

  1. Wall Street Journal - Trump Family Amasses $5 Billion Fortune After Crypto Launch
  2. Time – Tariff shocks, Truth Social posts, and stock market volatility
  3. Forbes - Jared Kushner’s $2 Billion Investment From Saudi Arabia
  4. Financial Times – Donors benefiting from Trump administration actions
  5. The Guardian – DOJ disbands crypto enforcement team
  6. Financial Times / Harvard Law – Pause in FCPA enforcement